Net migration in Estonia
Estonia: Net migration was -13,350 in 2025. ◆ Volatile
Net migration in Estonia, 1960–2025
Source: World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division.
Analysis
The most recent figure for net migration in Estonia is -13,350, measured in 2025.
That represents a change of down 72.4% on the previous year and down 413.3% over ten years.
Over the whole period, net migration in Estonia peaked at 39,754 in 2022 and was at its lowest, -38,391, in 1992.
Estonia ranks 161st of 218 countries on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Net migration in Estonia, year by year
| Year | Value | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1960 | 7,762 | — |
| 1961 | 7,991 | +3.0% |
| 1962 | 8,248 | +3.2% |
| 1963 | 8,410 | +2.0% |
| 1964 | 8,734 | +3.9% |
| 1965 | 8,851 | +1.3% |
| 1966 | 8,998 | +1.7% |
| 1967 | 9,115 | +1.3% |
| 1968 | 9,403 | +3.2% |
| 1969 | 8,650 | -8.0% |
| 1970 | 6,158 | -28.8% |
| 1971 | 6,392 | +3.8% |
| 1972 | 6,432 | +0.6% |
| 1973 | 6,488 | +0.9% |
| 1974 | 6,594 | +1.6% |
| 1975 | 6,737 | +2.2% |
| 1976 | 6,942 | +3.0% |
| 1977 | 7,189 | +3.6% |
| 1978 | 7,234 | +0.6% |
| 1979 | 4,521 | -37.5% |
| 1980 | 4,619 | +2.2% |
| 1981 | 4,789 | +3.7% |
| 1982 | 4,832 | +0.9% |
| 1983 | 4,986 | +3.2% |
| 1984 | 5,006 | +0.4% |
| 1985 | 5,097 | +1.8% |
| 1986 | 5,260 | +3.2% |
| 1987 | 5,389 | +2.5% |
| 1988 | 5,256 | -2.5% |
| 1989 | -368 | -107.0% |
| 1990 | -2,660 | +622.8% |
| 1991 | -9,712 | +265.1% |
| 1992 | -38,391 | +295.3% |
| 1993 | -25,501 | -33.6% |
| 1994 | -17,984 | -29.5% |
| 1995 | -12,655 | -29.6% |
| 1996 | -10,540 | -16.7% |
| 1997 | -4,066 | -61.4% |
| 1998 | -3,296 | -18.9% |
| 1999 | 1,419 | -143.1% |
| 2000 | -3,083 | -317.3% |
| 2001 | -3,280 | +6.4% |
| 2002 | -2,889 | -11.9% |
| 2003 | -3,705 | +28.2% |
| 2004 | -3,681 | -0.6% |
| 2005 | -5,208 | +41.5% |
| 2006 | -5,351 | +2.7% |
| 2007 | -2,941 | -45.0% |
| 2008 | -2,034 | -30.8% |
| 2009 | -2,089 | +2.7% |
| 2010 | -3,781 | +81.0% |
| 2011 | -3,941 | +4.2% |
| 2012 | -3,674 | -6.8% |
| 2013 | -2,688 | -26.8% |
| 2014 | -674 | -74.9% |
| 2015 | 4,261 | -732.2% |
| 2016 | 1,081 | -74.6% |
| 2017 | 5,202 | +381.2% |
| 2018 | 7,089 | +36.3% |
| 2019 | 5,386 | -24.0% |
| 2020 | 3,694 | -31.4% |
| 2021 | 7,043 | +90.7% |
| 2022 | 39,754 | +464.4% |
| 2023 | 5,717 | -85.6% |
| 2024 | -7,742 | -235.4% |
| 2025 | -13,350 | +72.4% |
Estonia compared with similar countries
- Estonia's -13,350 is below the median for high income countries, which is 843. (85 countries reporting)
- Estonia's -13,350 is below the median for Europe & Central Asia, which is 166. (57 countries reporting)
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Net migration in Estonia changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2015 | +732.2% | -674 | 4,261 |
| 1990 | -622.8% | -368 | -2,660 |
| 2022 | +464.4% | 7,043 | 39,754 |
| 2017 | +381.2% | 1,081 | 5,202 |
| 2000 | -317.3% | 1,419 | -3,083 |
| 1992 | -295.3% | -9,712 | -38,391 |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1960s | 8,616 | 7,762 | 9,403 | 10 |
| 1970s | 6,469 | 4,521 | 7,234 | 10 |
| 1980s | 4,487 | -368 | 5,389 | 10 |
| 1990s | -12,339 | -38,391 | 1,419 | 10 |
| 2000s | -3,426 | -5,351 | -2,034 | 10 |
| 2010s | 826.1 | -3,941 | 7,089 | 10 |
| 2020s | 5,853 | -13,350 | 39,754 | 6 |
Countries ranked near Estonia
More financial sector data for Estonia
- Reserve position in the IMF, US dollar, annual growth rate 8.55 % change on previous year (2025)
- Reserve position in the IMF, US dollar, per unit of GDP 0.0018 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Reserve position in the IMF, US dollar, per capita 63.05 units per person (2025)
- Reserve position in the IMF, SDR, annual growth rate 3.37 % change on previous year (2025)
- Reserve position in the IMF, SDR, per unit of GDP 0.0013 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Reserve position in the IMF, SDR, per capita 46.04 units per person (2025)
- Reserve tranche position, US dollar, annual growth rate 8.55 % change on previous year (2025)
- Reserve tranche position, US dollar, per unit of GDP 0.0018 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Reserve tranche position, US dollar, per capita 63.05 units per person (2025)
- Reserve tranche position, SDR, annual growth rate 3.37 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is net migration in Estonia?
- Net migration in Estonia was -13,350 in 2025, according to World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division.
- What is the highest net migration recorded in Estonia?
- The highest recorded value was 39,754 in 2022.
- What is the lowest net migration recorded in Estonia?
- The lowest recorded value was -38,391 in 1992.
- How does Estonia rank for net migration?
- Estonia ranks 161st out of 218 countries with data for 2025.
- Is net migration rising or falling in Estonia?
- Over the last ten years it is down 413.3%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Estonia data come from?
- The figures come from World Population Prospects, United Nations (UN), publisher: UN Population Division, published as part of Net migration. Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
Download this data
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About this data
Net migration is the net total of migrants during the period, that is, the number of immigrants minus the number of emigrants, including both citizens and noncitizens.