Total reserves (% of total external debt) in Pre-demographic dividend
Pre-demographic dividend: Total reserves (% of total external debt) was 49.6% in 2023. ◆ Volatile
Total reserves in Pre-demographic dividend, 1971–2023
Source: International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB). Measured in % of total external debt.
Analysis
Pre-demographic dividend recorded 49.6% for total reserves in 2023.
That represents a change of up 7.1% on the previous year and down 10.8% over ten years.
Over the whole period, total reserves in Pre-demographic dividend peaked at 79.0% in 2008 and was at its lowest, 2.8%, in 1992.
Pre-demographic dividend ranks 19th of 40 groups on this measure, in the middle of the range.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Total reserves (% of total external debt) in Pre-demographic dividend, year by year
| Year | % of total external debt | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 24.9% | — |
| 1972 | 21.5% | -13.6% |
| 1973 | 22.6% | +5.1% |
| 1974 | 60.8% | +168.8% |
| 1975 | 48.0% | -21.0% |
| 1976 | 40.9% | -14.9% |
| 1977 | 27.8% | -32.1% |
| 1978 | 12.5% | -55.1% |
| 1979 | 24.2% | +93.9% |
| 1980 | 30.8% | +27.4% |
| 1981 | 12.0% | -60.9% |
| 1982 | 6.2% | -48.5% |
| 1983 | 4.7% | -24.9% |
| 1984 | 4.9% | +4.7% |
| 1985 | 4.8% | -2.2% |
| 1986 | 3.9% | -18.8% |
| 1987 | 3.4% | -12.2% |
| 1988 | 3.1% | -8.8% |
| 1989 | 4.0% | +27.9% |
| 1990 | 5.6% | +41.6% |
| 1991 | 5.8% | +3.1% |
| 1992 | 2.8% | -51.8% |
| 1993 | 3.2% | +15.0% |
| 1994 | 3.6% | +11.3% |
| 1995 | 3.5% | -0.9% |
| 1996 | 6.5% | +82.5% |
| 1997 | 9.6% | +48.9% |
| 1998 | 8.4% | -13.0% |
| 1999 | 7.9% | -5.4% |
| 2000 | 12.4% | +56.5% |
| 2001 | 13.2% | +7.0% |
| 2002 | 11.1% | -16.1% |
| 2003 | 11.0% | -1.2% |
| 2004 | 18.2% | +66.0% |
| 2005 | 30.9% | +69.7% |
| 2006 | 63.5% | +105.5% |
| 2007 | 73.7% | +16.0% |
| 2008 | 79.0% | +7.2% |
| 2009 | 65.2% | -17.5% |
| 2010 | 60.4% | -7.4% |
| 2011 | 60.0% | -0.6% |
| 2012 | 65.4% | +8.9% |
| 2013 | 55.5% | -15.0% |
| 2014 | 44.9% | -19.2% |
| 2015 | 53.3% | +18.7% |
| 2016 | 44.6% | -16.4% |
| 2017 | 42.3% | -5.1% |
| 2018 | 46.7% | +10.4% |
| 2019 | 45.3% | -3.1% |
| 2020 | 38.3% | -15.4% |
| 2021 | 40.1% | +4.8% |
| 2022 | 46.3% | +15.3% |
| 2023 | 49.6% | +7.1% |
Biggest year-on-year movements
Years where Total reserves (% of total external debt) in Pre-demographic dividend changed far more than this series normally does. A large move can be a real event or a change in how the figure was measured — the source note below says who published it.
| Year | Change | From | To |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1974 | +168.8% | 22.6% | 60.8% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 31.5% | 12.5% | 60.8% | 9 |
| 1980s | 7.8% | 3.1% | 30.8% | 10 |
| 1990s | 5.7% | 2.8% | 9.6% | 10 |
| 2000s | 37.8% | 11.0% | 79.0% | 10 |
| 2010s | 51.8% | 42.3% | 65.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 43.6% | 38.3% | 49.6% | 4 |
Countries ranked near Pre-demographic dividend
More financial sector data for Pre-demographic dividend
- Broad money 34.5% (2024)
- Total reserves in months of imports, per capita 0 units per person (2025)
- Net migration, annual growth rate 53.43 % change on previous year (2025)
- Total reserves in months of imports, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Net migration -390,221 (2025)
- Domestic credit to private sector 15.4% (2023)
- Claims on central government, etc. 8.9% (2023)
- Monetary Sector credit to private sector 15.3% (2023)
- Domestic credit to private sector by banks 15.2% (2023)
- Total reserves in months of imports, annual growth rate -22.46 % change on previous year (2025)
Frequently asked questions
- What is total reserves in Pre-demographic dividend?
- Total reserves in Pre-demographic dividend was 49.6% in 2023, according to International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB).
- What is the highest total reserves recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
- The highest recorded value was 79.0% in 2008.
- What is the lowest total reserves recorded in Pre-demographic dividend?
- The lowest recorded value was 2.8% in 1992.
- How does Pre-demographic dividend rank for total reserves?
- Pre-demographic dividend ranks 19th out of 40 groups with data for 2023.
- Is total reserves rising or falling in Pre-demographic dividend?
- Over the last ten years it is down 10.8%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Pre-demographic dividend data come from?
- The figures come from International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB), published as part of Total reserves (% of total external debt). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of total external debt which are all liabilities that require payment(s) of interest and/or principal by the debtor at some point(s) in the future and that are owed to non-residents by residents of an economy.