Credit to government and state-owned enterprises to GDP (%) by country
Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF’s International Financial Statistics. (IFS line 22A + line 22B + line 22C) / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF).
Countries reporting
178
Highest
73.2%
Liberia
Lowest
0.0%
Macau, China
Median
11.4%
Years covered
41
1980–2020
Data points
6,137
What the numbers show
Credit to government and state-owned enterprises to GDP (%) is currently reported for 178 countries. The highest value is 73.2% in Liberia; the lowest is 0.0% in Macau, China.
The median across all reporting countries is 11.4%, and the mean is 15.4%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 17,912.
Over the past decade 133 countries rose and 45 fell. The largest increase was in Australia (up 669.1%), and the largest decrease in Lebanon (down 99.5%).
Credit to government and state-owned enterprises to GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Liberia | 73.2% | 2010 | up 37.6% | flat |
| 2 | Qatar | 69.5% | 2018 | up 344.6% | rising |
| 3 | Egypt | 62.4% | 2020 | up 92.0% | rising |
| 4 | Brazil | 61.9% | 2020 | up 72.3% | rising |
| 5 | Cambodia | 60.5% | 2019 | up 206.7% | falling |
| 6 | Eritrea | 56.7% | 2014 | down 15.1% | rising |
| 7 | Japan | 52.0% | 2020 | down 30.1% | falling |
| 8 | Algeria | 45.7% | 2020 | up 108.2% | volatile |
| 9 | United Arab Emirates | 44.7% | 2020 | up 126.9% | volatile |
| 10 | Jordan | 41.5% | 2020 | up 40.8% | volatile |
| 11 | Italy | 40.9% | 2020 | up 32.4% | rising |
| 12 | Singapore | 36.5% | 2020 | up 40.7% | rising |
| 13 | China | 35.5% | 2020 | up 233.6% | volatile |
| 14 | Bahrain | 33.4% | 2015 | up 269.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Libya | 33.2% | 2020 | up 572.2% | volatile |
| 16 | Cape Verde | 33.0% | 2020 | up 110.6% | volatile |
| 17 | Pakistan | 32.7% | 2020 | up 94.2% | volatile |
| 18 | Morocco | 32.2% | 2020 | up 91.6% | rising |
| 19 | Maldives | 31.9% | 2020 | up 72.3% | volatile |
| 20 | Mauritius | 31.3% | 2020 | up 44.0% | rising |
| 21 | Dominica | 29.2% | 2020 | up 312.4% | rising |
| 22 | Burundi | 27.3% | 2020 | up 476.3% | volatile |
| 23 | Bahamas | 26.9% | 2020 | up 31.8% | rising |
| 24 | Sri Lanka | 26.9% | 2019 | up 167.4% | volatile |
| 25 | Albania | 26.8% | 2020 | up 10.3% | falling |
| 26 | Croatia | 26.3% | 2020 | up 11.2% | rising |
| 27 | Malaysia | 24.8% | 2020 | up 77.3% | volatile |
| 28 | Syrian Arab Republic | 24.7% | 2010 | down 8.9% | falling |
| 29 | Cyprus | 24.4% | 2020 | up 5.5% | volatile |
| 30 | Spain | 24.3% | 2020 | up 10.2% | rising |
| 31 | Seychelles | 24.2% | 2020 | up 22.0% | volatile |
| 32 | Hungary | 23.9% | 2020 | up 46.2% | volatile |
| 33 | Poland | 23.1% | 2020 | up 59.4% | volatile |
| 34 | Bangladesh | 22.8% | 2020 | up 37.8% | volatile |
| 35 | India | 22.8% | 2020 | up 20.5% | rising |
| 36 | Belarus | 22.4% | 2020 | up 42.7% | rising |
| 37 | Tunisia | 22.3% | 2020 | up 114.0% | volatile |
| 38 | Türkiye | 22.0% | 2020 | down 11.1% | rising |
| 39 | Gambia | 21.8% | 2020 | up 42.6% | volatile |
| 40 | Barbados | 21.4% | 2019 | up 1.5% | rising |
| 41 | Trinidad and Tobago | 21.2% | 2020 | up 41.7% | rising |
| 42 | Angola | 20.7% | 2020 | up 119.3% | volatile |
| 43 | Australia | 20.5% | 2020 | up 669.1% | volatile |
| 44 | Nepal | 20.5% | 2020 | up 117.8% | rising |
| 45 | Portugal | 20.3% | 2020 | up 7.7% | volatile |
| 46 | Mexico | 19.9% | 2020 | up 23.8% | falling |
| 47 | Mozambique | 19.7% | 2020 | up 178.4% | volatile |
| 48 | United States of America | 19.6% | 2020 | up 127.9% | rising |
| 49 | Thailand | 19.0% | 2020 | up 59.4% | rising |
| 50 | Togo | 18.9% | 2020 | up 101.7% | volatile |
| 51 | Saint Kitts and Nevis | 18.5% | 2020 | down 70.1% | volatile |
| 52 | Myanmar | 18.5% | 2020 | up 102.5% | volatile |
| 53 | Oman | 18.2% | 2019 | up 327.1% | volatile |
| 54 | Philippines | 18.2% | 2020 | up 20.3% | rising |
| 55 | South Sudan | 18.0% | 2020 | up 464.7% | volatile |
| 56 | Namibia | 17.9% | 2020 | up 281.9% | volatile |
| 57 | France | 17.8% | 2020 | down 3.3% | volatile |
| 58 | Malta | 17.3% | 2020 | down 34.9% | volatile |
| 59 | Canada | 17.2% | 2008 | up 72.7% | rising |
| 60 | Serbia | 17.2% | 2020 | up 98.9% | volatile |
| 61 | South Africa | 16.9% | 2020 | up 72.2% | rising |
| 62 | Greece | 16.6% | 2020 | down 41.0% | falling |
| 63 | Kenya | 16.5% | 2020 | up 13.5% | rising |
| 64 | Ukraine | 16.4% | 2020 | up 43.6% | volatile |
| 65 | Papua New Guinea | 16.0% | 2020 | up 115.5% | rising |
| 66 | Ghana | 15.9% | 2020 | up 85.0% | volatile |
| 67 | Antigua and Barbuda | 15.8% | 2020 | down 20.2% | rising |
| 68 | Norway | 15.5% | 2020 | down 9.0% | falling |
| 69 | Suriname | 15.4% | 2020 | up 562.4% | volatile |
| 70 | Viet Nam | 15.1% | 2020 | up 61.0% | volatile |
| 71 | Czechia | 15.0% | 2020 | down 5.8% | rising |
| 72 | Sierra Leone | 14.9% | 2020 | up 183.9% | volatile |
| 73 | Yemen | 14.8% | 2013 | up 180.7% | volatile |
| 74 | Armenia | 14.8% | 2020 | up 257.4% | volatile |
| 75 | Senegal | 14.3% | 2020 | up 219.7% | volatile |
| 76 | Belgium | 14.2% | 2020 | down 33.2% | falling |
| 77 | Guatemala | 14.0% | 2020 | up 8.1% | volatile |
| 78 | New Zealand | 13.6% | 2020 | up 63.2% | rising |
| 79 | Romania | 13.3% | 2020 | up 14.8% | volatile |
| 80 | Côte d'Ivoire | 12.8% | 2020 | up 248.0% | volatile |
| 81 | Uzbekistan | 12.7% | 2020 | up 36.5% | rising |
| 82 | Jamaica | 12.7% | 2020 | down 20.1% | rising |
| 83 | Costa Rica | 12.5% | 2020 | up 117.2% | volatile |
| 84 | Belize | 12.4% | 2020 | up 99.3% | falling |
| 85 | Germany | 12.3% | 2020 | down 50.4% | falling |
| 86 | Zambia | 12.2% | 2020 | up 134.4% | rising |
| 87 | Saudi Arabia | 12.1% | 2017 | up 3.6% | volatile |
| 88 | Israel | 11.9% | 2020 | up 32.2% | volatile |
| 89 | Denmark | 11.5% | 2020 | up 22.1% | flat |
| 90 | Austria | 11.4% | 2020 | down 24.3% | falling |
| 91 | Iran, Islamic Republic of | 11.3% | 2016 | up 484.7% | volatile |
| 92 | Iceland | 11.2% | 2020 | down 32.7% | volatile |
| 93 | North Macedonia | 11.1% | 2020 | up 162.7% | volatile |
| 94 | Sweden | 11.1% | 2020 | up 22.3% | falling |
| 95 | Indonesia | 11.0% | 2020 | up 120.9% | volatile |
| 96 | Honduras | 10.8% | 2020 | up 178.3% | volatile |
| 97 | Aruba | 10.8% | 2020 | up 90.6% | volatile |
| 98 | Mali | 10.7% | 2020 | up 237.7% | volatile |
| 99 | Slovenia | 10.6% | 2020 | down 2.4% | rising |
| 100 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.4% | 2020 | up 222.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Slovakia | 10.3% | 2020 | down 44.6% | falling |
| 102 | Colombia | 10.3% | 2020 | up 20.8% | rising |
| 103 | Bulgaria | 10.1% | 2020 | up 94.7% | volatile |
| 104 | Burkina Faso | 10.0% | 2020 | up 183.0% | volatile |
| 105 | Russian Federation | 9.7% | 2020 | up 113.4% | rising |
| 106 | Chile | 9.6% | 2020 | up 330.4% | volatile |
| 107 | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines | 9.6% | 2020 | down 5.2% | falling |
| 108 | Benin | 9.6% | 2020 | up 98.1% | volatile |
| 109 | Georgia | 9.2% | 2020 | up 301.7% | volatile |
| 110 | Rwanda | 9.1% | 2020 | up 266.4% | volatile |
| 111 | Kuwait | 9.1% | 2018 | up 80.4% | volatile |
| 112 | Saint Lucia | 9.0% | 2020 | down 11.2% | rising |
| 113 | Republic of Korea | 9.0% | 2020 | down 0.5% | volatile |
| 114 | El Salvador | 8.9% | 2020 | up 161.8% | volatile |
| 115 | Fiji | 8.9% | 2020 | up 35.5% | falling |
| 116 | Finland | 8.8% | 2020 | up 47.8% | volatile |
| 117 | Argentina | 8.8% | 2017 | down 4.9% | volatile |
| 118 | Sao Tome and Principe | 8.8% | 2020 | up 297.8% | volatile |
| 119 | Netherlands | 8.7% | 2020 | down 31.6% | volatile |
| 120 | Tonga | 8.2% | 2020 | up 44.3% | volatile |
| 121 | Hong Kong, China | 7.7% | 2020 | down 36.6% | rising |
| 122 | Guyana | 7.7% | 2020 | down 44.4% | volatile |
| 123 | Uganda | 7.6% | 2020 | up 59.7% | volatile |
| 124 | Eswatini | 7.4% | 2020 | up 210.1% | volatile |
| 125 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 7.3% | 2015 | up 116.3% | volatile |
| 126 | Lesotho | 7.0% | 2020 | up 155.3% | volatile |
| 127 | Dominican Republic | 6.9% | 2020 | up 92.9% | rising |
| 128 | Guinea | 6.6% | 2020 | up 27.8% | volatile |
| 129 | Panama | 6.4% | 2020 | up 63.3% | rising |
| 130 | Bhutan | 6.4% | 2020 | up 68.5% | volatile |
| 131 | Republic of Moldova | 6.3% | 2020 | up 71.8% | volatile |
| 132 | Mongolia | 6.3% | 2020 | up 542.3% | volatile |
| 133 | Djibouti | 6.1% | 2020 | up 164.3% | volatile |
| 134 | Ethiopia | 6.0% | 2008 | down 21.9% | rising |
| 135 | Peru | 5.8% | 2020 | up 190.9% | falling |
| 136 | Kazakhstan | 5.6% | 2020 | down 3.5% | volatile |
| 137 | Guinea-Bissau | 5.5% | 2020 | up 150.2% | volatile |
| 138 | Luxembourg | 5.5% | 2020 | down 28.6% | volatile |
| 139 | Cameroon | 5.4% | 2019 | up 151.3% | flat |
| 140 | Ireland | 5.2% | 2020 | down 79.9% | volatile |
| 141 | Gabon | 5.2% | 2019 | up 228.5% | falling |
| 142 | Madagascar | 5.2% | 2020 | up 50.0% | volatile |
| 143 | Chad | 5.1% | 2019 | up 254.4% | volatile |
| 144 | Niger | 4.9% | 2020 | up 309.0% | volatile |
| 145 | Brunei Darussalam | 4.8% | 2020 | up 206.8% | volatile |
| 146 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 4.8% | 2020 | down 26.9% | volatile |
| 147 | Haiti | 4.5% | 2020 | up 42.3% | volatile |
| 148 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 4.5% | 2020 | down 12.6% | volatile |
| 149 | Congo | 4.3% | 2019 | up 636.1% | volatile |
| 150 | Botswana | 4.3% | 2020 | up 258.2% | volatile |
| 151 | Nigeria | 4.2% | 2020 | down 35.0% | rising |
| 152 | Estonia | 4.1% | 2020 | up 21.0% | volatile |
| 153 | Uruguay | 4.1% | 2020 | up 9.9% | volatile |
| 154 | Grenada | 4.0% | 2020 | down 60.7% | falling |
| 155 | Switzerland | 4.0% | 2016 | down 60.3% | falling |
| 156 | Mauritania | 3.9% | 2019 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 157 | Nicaragua | 3.8% | 2020 | up 0.0% | volatile |
| 158 | Malawi | 3.6% | 2016 | up 47.0% | falling |
| 159 | Azerbaijan | 3.5% | 2020 | down 25.0% | volatile |
| 160 | Lithuania | 3.5% | 2020 | down 42.0% | volatile |
| 161 | Latvia | 3.3% | 2020 | down 25.4% | volatile |
| 162 | Tajikistan | 3.1% | 2020 | up 210.7% | volatile |
| 163 | Lao People's Democratic Republic | 2.6% | 2010 | up 22.9% | rising |
| 164 | Central African Republic | 2.4% | 2019 | up 26.4% | rising |
| 165 | Sudan | 2.1% | 2020 | down 53.2% | volatile |
| 166 | Paraguay | 2.0% | 2020 | up 45.0% | volatile |
| 167 | Vanuatu | 1.9% | 2020 | up 45.2% | falling |
| 168 | Kyrgyzstan | 1.9% | 2020 | up 10.0% | rising |
| 169 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 1.8% | 2020 | up 14.5% | volatile |
| 170 | Ecuador | 1.4% | 2020 | up 420.6% | volatile |
| 171 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 1.3% | 2020 | down 15.2% | volatile |
| 172 | Equatorial Guinea | 1.2% | 2019 | up 253.6% | volatile |
| 173 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 1.2% | 2020 | up 125.5% | volatile |
| 174 | Samoa | 1.0% | 2020 | down 81.4% | volatile |
| 175 | Comoros | 0.7% | 2020 | down 35.3% | volatile |
| 176 | Solomon Islands | 0.5% | 2020 | down 71.4% | volatile |
| 177 | Lebanon | 0.3% | 2018 | down 99.5% | rising |
| 178 | Macau, China | 0.0% | 1998 | down 99.2% | volatile |
About this data
Raw data are from the electronic version of the IMF’s International Financial Statistics. (IFS line 22A + line 22B + line 22C) / GDP. Local currency GDP is from IFS (line 99B..ZF or, if not available, line 99B.CZF).