Total reserves in Upper middle income
Upper middle income: Total reserves was 81.5% in 2024. ◆ Volatile
Total reserves in Upper middle income, 1971–2024
Source: International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB). Measured in % of total external debt.
Analysis
In 2024, total reserves in Upper middle income stood at 81.5%.
That represents a change of up 0.9% on the previous year and down 25.4% over ten years.
Over the whole period, total reserves in Upper middle income peaked at 149.8% in 2009 and was at its lowest, 13.1%, in 1986.
Upper middle income ranks 6th of 40 groups on this measure, in the top quarter.
The series is highly variable year to year, so single readings are best treated with caution.
Total reserves in Upper middle income, year by year
| Year | % of total external debt | Change |
|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 16.7% | — |
| 1972 | 24.0% | +43.3% |
| 1973 | 31.3% | +30.4% |
| 1974 | 28.6% | -8.7% |
| 1975 | 18.1% | -36.5% |
| 1976 | 19.6% | +8.1% |
| 1977 | 18.4% | -6.3% |
| 1978 | 20.5% | +11.4% |
| 1979 | 24.3% | +18.9% |
| 1980 | 25.8% | +6.0% |
| 1981 | 18.9% | -26.6% |
| 1982 | 16.6% | -12.2% |
| 1983 | 14.2% | -14.5% |
| 1984 | 15.9% | +11.9% |
| 1985 | 14.5% | -9.0% |
| 1986 | 13.1% | -9.4% |
| 1987 | 14.4% | +9.7% |
| 1988 | 13.7% | -4.7% |
| 1989 | 14.5% | +6.1% |
| 1990 | 17.7% | +21.6% |
| 1991 | 21.7% | +22.6% |
| 1992 | 21.0% | -3.0% |
| 1993 | 22.9% | +8.9% |
| 1994 | 24.1% | +5.1% |
| 1995 | 26.2% | +8.7% |
| 1996 | 30.3% | +15.9% |
| 1997 | 31.5% | +3.9% |
| 1998 | 29.7% | -5.7% |
| 1999 | 30.2% | +1.9% |
| 2000 | 32.2% | +6.6% |
| 2001 | 35.6% | +10.3% |
| 2002 | 42.8% | +20.3% |
| 2003 | 51.8% | +20.9% |
| 2004 | 65.2% | +25.9% |
| 2005 | 82.5% | +26.6% |
| 2006 | 97.5% | +18.2% |
| 2007 | 118.8% | +21.9% |
| 2008 | 134.1% | +12.9% |
| 2009 | 149.8% | +11.7% |
| 2010 | 141.4% | -5.6% |
| 2011 | 134.4% | -5.0% |
| 2012 | 127.0% | -5.5% |
| 2013 | 120.6% | -5.0% |
| 2014 | 109.2% | -9.4% |
| 2015 | 108.2% | -1.0% |
| 2016 | 98.2% | -9.2% |
| 2017 | 92.0% | -6.3% |
| 2018 | 84.3% | -8.4% |
| 2019 | 82.7% | -1.9% |
| 2020 | 82.4% | -0.4% |
| 2021 | 78.5% | -4.7% |
| 2022 | 77.7% | -1.0% |
| 2023 | 80.8% | +4.0% |
| 2024 | 81.5% | +0.9% |
Averages by decade
| Decade | Average | Lowest | Highest | Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970s | 22.4% | 16.7% | 31.3% | 9 |
| 1980s | 16.2% | 13.1% | 25.8% | 10 |
| 1990s | 25.5% | 17.7% | 31.5% | 10 |
| 2000s | 81.0% | 32.2% | 149.8% | 10 |
| 2010s | 109.8% | 82.7% | 141.4% | 10 |
| 2020s | 80.2% | 77.7% | 82.4% | 5 |
Countries ranked near Upper middle income
More financial sector data for Upper middle income
- Net migration 576,949 (2025)
- Domestic credit to private sector by banks 136.8% (2024)
- Total reserves in months of imports 10.37 (2025)
- Monetary Sector credit to private sector 136.9% (2024)
- Broad money 167.9% (2024)
- Claims on central government, etc. 37.8% (2024)
- Total reserves in months of imports, per capita 0 units per person (2025)
- Total reserves in months of imports, annual growth rate 10.98 % change on previous year (2025)
- Total reserves in months of imports, per unit of GDP 0 units per US$ of GDP (2025)
- Domestic credit to private sector 139.0% (2024)
Frequently asked questions
- What is total reserves in Upper middle income?
- Total reserves in Upper middle income was 81.5% in 2024, according to International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB).
- What is the highest total reserves recorded in Upper middle income?
- The highest recorded value was 149.8% in 2009.
- What is the lowest total reserves recorded in Upper middle income?
- The lowest recorded value was 13.1% in 1986.
- How does Upper middle income rank for total reserves?
- Upper middle income ranks 6th out of 40 groups with data for 2024.
- Is total reserves rising or falling in Upper middle income?
- Over the last ten years it is down 25.4%. The long-run trend across the full record is volatile.
- Where does this Upper middle income data come from?
- The figures come from International Debt Statistics, World Bank (WB), published as part of Total reserves (% of total external debt). Statizoid updates them automatically from the source API.
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About this data
Reserve assets are external assets, including monetary gold, that are readily available to and controlled by monetary authorities for meeting balance of payments financing needs, for intervention in exchange markets to affect the currency exchange rate, and for other related purposes (such as maintaining confidence in the currency and the economy, and serving as a basis for foreign borrowing). Reserve assets must be denominated and settled in foreign currency. This indicator is expressed as a percentage of total external debt which are all liabilities that require payment(s) of interest and/or principal by the debtor at some point(s) in the future and that are owed to non-residents by residents of an economy.