Reserve assets, Adjusted using IMF accounting records (Assets, Positions, US dollar) by country
The International Investment Position (IIP) is a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value of financial assets of residents of an economy that are claims on nonresidents or are gold bullion held as reserve assets; and the liabilities of residents of an economy to nonresidents.
Countries reporting
170
Highest
3.74 trillion US dollar
China
Lowest
0 US dollar
Turks and Caicos Islands
Median
6.43 billion US dollar
Years covered
78
1948–2025
Data points
4,411
What the numbers show
Reserve assets, Adjusted using IMF accounting records (Assets, Positions, US dollar) is currently reported for 170 countries. The highest value is 3.74 trillion US dollar in China; the lowest is 0 US dollar in Turks and Caicos Islands.
The median across all reporting countries is 6.43 billion US dollar, and the mean is 100.39 billion US dollar.
Over the past decade 142 countries rose and 27 fell. The largest increase was in Tajikistan (up 1,193.8%), and the largest decrease in Croatia (down 78.3%).
Reserve assets, Adjusted using IMF accounting records: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | China | 3.74 trillion US dollar | 2025 | up 9.9% | rising |
| 2 | United States of America | 1.39 trillion US dollar | 2025 | up 263.5% | volatile |
| 3 | Japan | 1.37 trillion US dollar | 2025 | up 10.9% | rising |
| 4 | Switzerland | 1.07 trillion US dollar | 2025 | up 77.3% | volatile |
| 5 | India | 687.41 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 96.4% | volatile |
| 6 | Russian Federation | 630.62 billion US dollar | 2021 | up 26.5% | volatile |
| 7 | Germany | 566.11 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 225.9% | volatile |
| 8 | Saudi Arabia | 460.23 billion US dollar | 2025 | down 25.3% | falling |
| 9 | Italy | 429.55 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 228.5% | volatile |
| 10 | Republic of Korea | 428.04 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 16.3% | volatile |
| 11 | Hong Kong, China | 427.91 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 19.3% | volatile |
| 12 | France | 423.77 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 206.7% | volatile |
| 13 | Singapore | 409.88 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 65.1% | volatile |
| 14 | Brazil | 358.21 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 0.5% | rising |
| 15 | Thailand | 281.87 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 80.1% | volatile |
| 16 | Poland | 271.06 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 185.6% | volatile |
| 17 | Mexico | 256.11 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 44.2% | rising |
| 18 | Israel | 230.41 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 153.2% | volatile |
| 19 | United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland | 214.08 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 65.3% | volatile |
| 20 | Türkiye | 184.01 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 66.5% | volatile |
| 21 | Czechia | 176.39 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 173.5% | volatile |
| 22 | Indonesia | 156.46 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 47.7% | rising |
| 23 | Spain | 128.09 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 137.3% | volatile |
| 24 | Canada | 127.79 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 60.2% | volatile |
| 25 | Malaysia | 125.63 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 31.8% | volatile |
| 26 | Netherlands | 116.89 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 195.3% | volatile |
| 27 | Philippines | 110.81 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 37.4% | volatile |
| 28 | Denmark | 106.28 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 64.2% | volatile |
| 29 | Romania | 90.44 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 133.7% | volatile |
| 30 | Peru | 90.25 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 46.1% | volatile |
| 31 | Norway | 85.49 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 48.1% | volatile |
| 32 | Algeria | 84.23 billion US dollar | 2024 | down 54.9% | falling |
| 33 | South Africa | 75.87 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 65.2% | volatile |
| 34 | Australia | 75.25 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 52.7% | rising |
| 35 | Sweden | 74.97 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 29.0% | volatile |
| 36 | Portugal | 68.14 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 251.3% | rising |
| 37 | Uzbekistan | 66.31 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 172.8% | volatile |
| 38 | Colombia | 65.73 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 42.2% | volatile |
| 39 | Iraq | 65.65 billion US dollar | 2014 | up 227.6% | rising |
| 40 | Kazakhstan, Republic of | 65.41 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 134.7% | volatile |
| 41 | Hungary | 58.95 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 78.0% | volatile |
| 42 | Ukraine | 57.30 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 330.8% | volatile |
| 43 | Belgium | 55.98 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 132.3% | rising |
| 44 | Austria | 52.93 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 138.0% | rising |
| 45 | Chile | 49.45 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 28.0% | rising |
| 46 | Egypt | 48.88 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 207.7% | rising |
| 47 | Morocco | 48.52 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 110.9% | rising |
| 48 | Bulgaria | 47.13 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 112.7% | volatile |
| 49 | Nigeria | 45.99 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 62.6% | falling |
| 50 | Argentina | 41.09 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 60.8% | rising |
| 51 | Kuwait | 40.89 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 44.4% | rising |
| 52 | Serbia | 34.08 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 201.7% | rising |
| 53 | Bangladesh | 28.56 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 3.9% | volatile |
| 54 | Oman | 28.37 billion US dollar | 2024 | down 16.2% | falling |
| 55 | New Zealand | 28.15 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 91.5% | rising |
| 56 | Cambodia | 27.53 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 305.6% | volatile |
| 57 | Pakistan | 26.46 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 36.2% | rising |
| 58 | Guatemala | 24.41 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 233.1% | volatile |
| 59 | Greece | 23.84 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 295.6% | volatile |
| 60 | Finland | 22.38 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 111.6% | volatile |
| 61 | Jordan | 21.90 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 36.7% | volatile |
| 62 | Uruguay | 18.99 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 21.4% | volatile |
| 63 | Slovakia | 18.11 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 526.2% | volatile |
| 64 | Costa Rica | 17.09 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 118.1% | rising |
| 65 | Nepal | 16.16 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 160.5% | rising |
| 66 | Angola | 15.90 billion US dollar | 2025 | down 34.9% | volatile |
| 67 | Dominican Republic | 14.69 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 179.0% | volatile |
| 68 | Belarus | 14.42 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 245.2% | volatile |
| 69 | Ireland | 12.67 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 630.8% | volatile |
| 70 | Paraguay | 11.00 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 77.4% | volatile |
| 71 | Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of | 10.99 billion US dollar | 2016 | down 70.6% | rising |
| 72 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 10.95 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 128.6% | rising |
| 73 | Côte d'Ivoire | 10.43 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 132.5% | volatile |
| 74 | Mauritius | 10.29 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 141.6% | volatile |
| 75 | Honduras | 10.21 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 171.8% | volatile |
| 76 | Kenya | 10.07 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 25.6% | rising |
| 77 | Ecuador | 9.80 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 292.6% | volatile |
| 78 | Afghanistan | 9.73 billion US dollar | 2020 | up 89.1% | rising |
| 79 | Tunisia | 9.18 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 19.8% | rising |
| 80 | Ghana | 8.97 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 79.8% | rising |
| 81 | Albania | 8.59 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 173.8% | rising |
| 82 | Iceland | 7.73 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 53.4% | volatile |
| 83 | Lithuania | 7.05 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 315.5% | volatile |
| 84 | Mongolia | 7.01 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 429.4% | rising |
| 85 | Azerbaijan, Republic of | 6.47 billion US dollar | 2008 | up 857.0% | volatile |
| 86 | Tajikistan | 6.40 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 1,193.8% | volatile |
| 87 | Jamaica | 6.30 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 116.3% | rising |
| 88 | Georgia | 6.16 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 144.1% | volatile |
| 89 | Sri Lanka | 6.12 billion US dollar | 2024 | down 25.4% | falling |
| 90 | Latvia | 6.08 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 76.4% | volatile |
| 91 | Republic of Moldova | 6.01 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 241.9% | volatile |
| 92 | Uganda | 5.99 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 112.5% | rising |
| 93 | Myanmar | 5.91 billion US dollar | 2019 | up 10.9% | volatile |
| 94 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 5.83 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 32.8% | volatile |
| 95 | Nicaragua | 5.82 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 171.0% | volatile |
| 96 | North Macedonia | 5.79 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 134.3% | volatile |
| 97 | Zambia | 5.69 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 157.2% | volatile |
| 98 | Trinidad and Tobago | 5.37 billion US dollar | 2025 | down 45.9% | falling |
| 99 | Cameroon | 5.14 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 60.4% | rising |
| 100 | Armenia | 5.09 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 186.6% | volatile |
| 101 | Kyrgyzstan | 4.92 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 200.3% | volatile |
| 102 | El Salvador | 4.81 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 72.8% | rising |
| 103 | Bahrain | 4.56 billion US dollar | 2024 | down 24.6% | volatile |
| 104 | Panama | 4.08 billion US dollar | 2025 | down 1.6% | volatile |
| 105 | Mozambique | 3.84 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 25.1% | rising |
| 106 | Bolivia, Plurinational State of | 3.71 billion US dollar | 2025 | down 71.6% | volatile |
| 107 | Botswana | 3.61 billion US dollar | 2025 | down 52.2% | falling |
| 108 | Slovenia | 3.54 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 313.5% | volatile |
| 109 | Croatia | 3.34 billion US dollar | 2024 | down 78.3% | volatile |
| 110 | Namibia | 3.10 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 104.7% | volatile |
| 111 | Luxembourg | 3.05 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 295.7% | volatile |
| 112 | Curaçao and Sint Maarten | 3.00 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 57.0% | rising |
| 113 | Cyprus | 2.92 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 262.3% | volatile |
| 114 | Haiti | 2.67 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 43.9% | volatile |
| 115 | Estonia | 2.44 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 487.6% | volatile |
| 116 | Rwanda | 2.41 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 154.6% | rising |
| 117 | Montenegro | 2.20 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 176.6% | rising |
| 118 | Madagascar | 2.13 billion US dollar | 2022 | up 102.8% | rising |
| 119 | West Bank and Gaza | 1.82 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 214.1% | rising |
| 120 | Sudan | 1.63 billion US dollar | 2021 | up 275.0% | volatile |
| 121 | Suriname | 1.62 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 389.3% | rising |
| 122 | Fiji | 1.59 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 74.0% | rising |
| 123 | Kosovo | 1.52 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 96.8% | rising |
| 124 | Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands | 1.49 billion US dollar | 2023 | up 123.8% | volatile |
| 125 | Malta | 1.48 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 139.5% | volatile |
| 126 | Burkina Faso | 1.44 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 385.4% | volatile |
| 127 | Curaçao | 1.32 billion US dollar | 2021 | down 19.9% | falling |
| 128 | Kiribati | 1.32 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 113.1% | rising |
| 129 | Cape Verde | 1.25 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 152.8% | rising |
| 130 | Lesotho | 1.19 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 29.5% | rising |
| 131 | Niger | 1.03 billion US dollar | 2024 | down 19.5% | volatile |
| 132 | Guyana | 934.78 million US dollar | 2022 | up 56.7% | rising |
| 133 | Seychelles | 773.68 million US dollar | 2024 | up 67.0% | rising |
| 134 | Timor-Leste | 762.14 million US dollar | 2025 | up 74.1% | rising |
| 135 | Eswatini | 741.47 million US dollar | 2025 | up 34.7% | volatile |
| 136 | Congo, Democratic Republic of the | 708.72 million US dollar | 2020 | down 57.9% | falling |
| 137 | Solomon Islands | 683.13 million US dollar | 2023 | up 29.5% | rising |
| 138 | Vanuatu | 638.54 million US dollar | 2022 | up 250.4% | volatile |
| 139 | Samoa | 598.37 million US dollar | 2025 | up 433.1% | volatile |
| 140 | Barbados | 597.74 million US dollar | 2013 | down 31.7% | falling |
| 141 | Liberia | 594.88 million US dollar | 2024 | up 16.9% | rising |
| 142 | Guinea | 577.03 million US dollar | 2024 | down 33.7% | rising |
| 143 | Bhutan | 553.44 million US dollar | 2023 | down 39.7% | rising |
| 144 | Andorra, Principality of | 468.46 million US dollar | 2025 | up 819.5% | rising |
| 145 | Sint Maarten, Kingdom of the Netherlands | 441.50 million US dollar | 2021 | down 19.9% | falling |
| 146 | Sierra Leone | 433.27 million US dollar | 2024 | down 21.5% | volatile |
| 147 | Saint Lucia | 427.78 million US dollar | 2025 | up 34.6% | rising |
| 148 | Guinea-Bissau | 417.98 million US dollar | 2024 | up 45.6% | volatile |
| 149 | Tonga | 402.27 million US dollar | 2024 | up 140.9% | rising |
| 150 | Grenada | 378.43 million US dollar | 2025 | up 91.1% | rising |
| 151 | Antigua and Barbuda | 351.98 million US dollar | 2025 | down 1.1% | rising |
| 152 | Djibouti | 348.73 million US dollar | 2024 | down 11.1% | volatile |
| 153 | Maldives | 335.52 million US dollar | 2011 | up 255.7% | volatile |
| 154 | St. Kitts and Nevis | 279.86 million US dollar | 2025 | down 3.0% | falling |
| 155 | Cayman Islands | 278.01 million US dollar | 2024 | up 115.2% | rising |
| 156 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 259.32 million US dollar | 2025 | up 50.1% | rising |
| 157 | Bermuda | 211.49 million US dollar | 2023 | up 39.3% | rising |
| 158 | Mauritania | 206.12 million US dollar | 1998 | up 241.4% | rising |
| 159 | Malawi | 149.87 million US dollar | 2024 | down 74.2% | volatile |
| 160 | Dominica | 149.38 million US dollar | 2025 | up 18.3% | rising |
| 161 | Anguilla, United Kingdom-British Overseas Territory | 146.07 million US dollar | 2025 | up 203.4% | rising |
| 162 | Micronesia, Federated States of | 93.47 million US dollar | 2014 | up 76.3% | rising |
| 163 | Tuvalu | 84.59 million US dollar | 2023 | up 140.8% | volatile |
| 164 | Burundi | 70.95 million US dollar | 2018 | down 73.4% | volatile |
| 165 | Naoero | 52.47 million US dollar | 2024 | up 305.4% | volatile |
| 166 | Montserrat | 36.84 million US dollar | 2025 | down 28.4% | falling |
| 167 | Sao Tome and Principe | 31.81 million US dollar | 2024 | down 69.8% | falling |
| 168 | Marshall Islands | 10.50 million US dollar | 2024 | up 115.5% | rising |
| 169 | Palau | 10.23 million US dollar | 2022 | up 124.3% | rising |
| 170 | Turks and Caicos Islands | 0 US dollar | 2018 | — | flat |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro Area (EA) 2.09 trillion US dollar
- Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) 2.19 billion US dollar
About this data
The International Investment Position (IIP) is a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value of financial assets of residents of an economy that are claims on nonresidents or are gold bullion held as reserve assets; and the liabilities of residents of an economy to nonresidents.