Reserve assets, Monetary gold (Assets, Positions, US dollar) by country
The International Investment Position (IIP) is a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value of financial assets of residents of an economy that are claims on nonresidents or are gold bullion held as reserve assets; and the liabilities of residents of an economy to nonresidents.
Countries reporting
152
Highest
1.14 trillion US dollar
United States
Lowest
-0 US dollar
Costa Rica
Median
435.80 million US dollar
Years covered
78
1948–2025
Data points
3,760
What the numbers show
Reserve assets, Monetary gold (Assets, Positions, US dollar) is currently reported for 152 countries. The highest value is 1.14 trillion US dollar in United States; the lowest is -0 US dollar in Costa Rica.
The median across all reporting countries is 435.80 million US dollar, and the mean is 26.81 billion US dollar.
Over the past decade 103 countries rose and 9 fell. The largest increase was in Madagascar, Republic of (up 6,747,130.0%), and the largest decrease in Canada (down 100.0%).
Reserve assets, Monetary gold: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 1.14 trillion US dollar | 2025 | up 312.1% | volatile |
| 2 | Germany | 464.38 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 303.2% | volatile |
| 3 | Italy | 339.85 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 305.9% | volatile |
| 4 | France | 337.79 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.1% | volatile |
| 5 | China (People’s Republic of) | 319.45 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 430.7% | volatile |
| 6 | Switzerland | 145.41 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 306.7% | volatile |
| 7 | Russia | 133.07 billion US dollar | 2021 | up 197.7% | volatile |
| 8 | Japan | 116.93 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 347.7% | volatile |
| 9 | Türkiye | 112.39 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 538.3% | volatile |
| 10 | India | 111.21 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 548.0% | volatile |
| 11 | Netherlands | 84.89 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 305.9% | volatile |
| 12 | Poland | 76.51 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 2,076.8% | volatile |
| 13 | Uzbekistan | 55.09 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 417.8% | volatile |
| 14 | Portugal | 53.04 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.1% | volatile |
| 15 | Kazakhstan, Republic of | 47.24 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 523.5% | volatile |
| 16 | United Kingdom | 43.26 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 308.4% | volatile |
| 17 | Spain | 39.03 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 306.9% | volatile |
| 18 | Austria | 38.81 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 306.9% | volatile |
| 19 | Thailand | 32.55 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 520.2% | volatile |
| 20 | Belgium | 31.52 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 306.9% | volatile |
| 21 | Brazil | 23.92 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 945.0% | volatile |
| 22 | Philippines | 18.58 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 177.2% | volatile |
| 23 | Egypt, Arab Republic of | 18.17 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 598.4% | volatile |
| 24 | Sweden | 17.50 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.6% | volatile |
| 25 | South Africa | 17.49 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.6% | volatile |
| 26 | Mexico | 16.87 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.6% | volatile |
| 27 | Greece | 15.90 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 314.4% | volatile |
| 28 | Hungary | 15.30 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 14,455.2% | volatile |
| 29 | Algeria | 14.65 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 119.2% | rising |
| 30 | Romania | 14.35 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 305.0% | volatile |
| 31 | Indonesia | 11.93 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 348.5% | volatile |
| 32 | Australia | 10.52 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 285.6% | volatile |
| 33 | Czechia | 10.12 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 2,849.5% | volatile |
| 34 | Denmark | 9.35 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 312.3% | volatile |
| 35 | Pakistan | 9.10 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 312.9% | volatile |
| 36 | Argentina | 8.59 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.5% | volatile |
| 37 | Venezuela, República Bolivariana de | 7.73 billion US dollar | 2016 | up 6.5% | volatile |
| 38 | Cambodia | 7.65 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 1,449.9% | volatile |
| 39 | Belarus, Republic of | 7.47 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 421.4% | volatile |
| 40 | Serbia, Republic of | 7.28 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 1,080.8% | volatile |
| 41 | Finland | 6.06 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 263.1% | volatile |
| 42 | Bulgaria | 6.02 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 336.4% | volatile |
| 43 | Jordan | 6.00 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 706.2% | volatile |
| 44 | Peru | 4.81 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 303.5% | volatile |
| 45 | Korea | 4.79 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 0.0% | volatile |
| 46 | Slovak Republic | 4.39 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.1% | volatile |
| 47 | Ukraine | 3.88 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 316.0% | volatile |
| 48 | Ecuador | 3.69 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 799.1% | volatile |
| 49 | Iraq | 3.46 billion US dollar | 2014 | up 2,788.4% | volatile |
| 50 | Kyrgyz Republic | 3.20 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 1,994.6% | volatile |
| 51 | Bolivia | 3.13 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 115.3% | volatile |
| 52 | Morocco | 3.07 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.3% | volatile |
| 53 | Nigeria | 2.98 billion US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 54 | Ghana | 2.86 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 749.1% | volatile |
| 55 | Angola | 2.56 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 307.4% | volatile |
| 56 | Tajikistan, Republic of | 2.09 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 385.1% | volatile |
| 57 | Bangladesh | 2.01 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 326.9% | volatile |
| 58 | Cyprus | 1.92 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 306.1% | volatile |
| 59 | Mauritius | 1.73 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 469.3% | volatile |
| 60 | Afghanistan | 1.33 billion US dollar | 2020 | up 34.1% | rising |
| 61 | Paraguay | 1.14 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 308.9% | volatile |
| 62 | Mongolia | 1.10 billion US dollar | 2025 | up 1,330.1% | volatile |
| 63 | Curaçao and Sint Maarten | 1.02 billion US dollar | 2024 | up 101.7% | rising |
| 64 | Georgia | 1.00 billion US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 65 | Ireland | 980.41 million US dollar | 2024 | up 348.6% | volatile |
| 66 | North Macedonia | 954.74 million US dollar | 2025 | up 310.7% | volatile |
| 67 | Latvia | 922.38 million US dollar | 2025 | up 307.3% | volatile |
| 68 | Lithuania | 808.01 million US dollar | 2025 | up 307.1% | volatile |
| 69 | Nepal | 698.21 million US dollar | 2024 | up 265.0% | rising |
| 70 | Colombia | 647.51 million US dollar | 2025 | up 442.4% | volatile |
| 71 | Slovenia | 585.68 million US dollar | 2025 | up 440.2% | volatile |
| 72 | Guatemala | 578.61 million US dollar | 2024 | up 117.7% | rising |
| 73 | Curaçao, Kingdom of the Netherlands | 573.87 million US dollar | 2021 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 74 | Albania | 504.79 million US dollar | 2025 | up 841.6% | volatile |
| 75 | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 483.69 million US dollar | 2025 | up 376.6% | volatile |
| 76 | Zambia | 438.67 million US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 77 | Saudi Arabia | 432.93 million US dollar | 2025 | down 0.0% | rising |
| 78 | Myanmar | 359.34 million US dollar | 2019 | up 45.5% | rising |
| 79 | Tunisia | 348.78 million US dollar | 2024 | up 117.8% | volatile |
| 80 | Mozambique, Republic of | 331.86 million US dollar | 2024 | up 58.2% | rising |
| 81 | Guinea | 325.86 million US dollar | 2024 | up 6,807.5% | volatile |
| 82 | Luxembourg | 310.84 million US dollar | 2025 | up 305.0% | volatile |
| 83 | Malaysia | 294.47 million US dollar | 2004 | up 141.4% | rising |
| 84 | Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China | 288.54 million US dollar | 2025 | up 306.6% | volatile |
| 85 | Iceland | 276.34 million US dollar | 2025 | up 307.4% | volatile |
| 86 | Trinidad and Tobago | 272.13 million US dollar | 2025 | up 312.8% | rising |
| 87 | Sudan | 269.65 million US dollar | 2021 | up 2,180.8% | volatile |
| 88 | El Salvador | 250.31 million US dollar | 2025 | up 435.4% | volatile |
| 89 | Aruba, Kingdom of the Netherlands | 229.52 million US dollar | 2023 | up 71.6% | volatile |
| 90 | Sint Maarten, Kingdom of the Netherlands | 191.29 million US dollar | 2021 | up 15.6% | rising |
| 91 | Suriname | 170.46 million US dollar | 2025 | up 274.0% | rising |
| 92 | Haiti | 153.10 million US dollar | 2024 | up 115.6% | volatile |
| 93 | Kuwait | 103.94 million US dollar | 2025 | down 0.6% | falling |
| 94 | Honduras | 98.65 million US dollar | 2025 | up 316.1% | volatile |
| 95 | Dominican Republic | 80.00 million US dollar | 2025 | up 312.4% | volatile |
| 96 | Cameroon | 78.46 million US dollar | 2024 | up 117.1% | rising |
| 97 | Sri Lanka | 39.75 million US dollar | 2024 | down 95.5% | volatile |
| 98 | Norway | 37.91 million US dollar | 1993 | up 2.7% | falling |
| 99 | Estonia | 35.57 million US dollar | 2025 | up 306.9% | volatile |
| 100 | Chile | 34.35 million US dollar | 2025 | up 304.3% | volatile |
| 101 | Malawi | 33.49 million US dollar | 2024 | up 110.6% | volatile |
| 102 | Tanzania, United Republic of | 30.78 million US dollar | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 103 | Malta | 15.22 million US dollar | 2024 | up 308.3% | volatile |
| 104 | Guyana | 14.50 million US dollar | 2022 | down 59.6% | volatile |
| 105 | Uruguay | 13.98 million US dollar | 2025 | up 285.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Papua New Guinea | 11.09 million US dollar | 1989 | down 24.8% | falling |
| 107 | Eswatini | 10.83 million US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 108 | Moldova, Republic of | 10.45 million US dollar | 2025 | up 309.8% | volatile |
| 109 | Bhutan | 8.40 million US dollar | 2023 | — | volatile |
| 110 | Bahrain, Kingdom of | 6.65 million US dollar | 2024 | unchanged | flat |
| 111 | Samoa | 5.28 million US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 112 | Mauritania, Islamic Republic of | 3.26 million US dollar | 1998 | down 32.1% | falling |
| 113 | Fiji, Republic of | 2.17 million US dollar | 2024 | up 115.9% | rising |
| 114 | Kenya | 1.46 million US dollar | 2024 | up 115.2% | rising |
| 115 | Burundi | 1.24 million US dollar | 2018 | up 47.7% | volatile |
| 116 | Cayman Islands | 957,604 US dollar | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 117 | Maldives | 740,000 US dollar | 2004 | up 61.4% | volatile |
| 118 | Madagascar, Republic of | 662,337 US dollar | 2022 | up 6,747,130.0% | volatile |
| 119 | Armenia, Republic of | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 119 | Antigua and Barbuda | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Burkina Faso | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | Botswana | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Canada | 0 US dollar | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 119 | Côte d'Ivoire | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | Cape Verde | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 119 | Dominica | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Grenada | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Croatia | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | volatile |
| 119 | Israel | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | volatile |
| 119 | Kiribati | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | St. Kitts and Nevis | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Liberia | 0 US dollar | 2023 | — | flat |
| 119 | St. Lucia | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Montenegro | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Namibia | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Niger | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | Panama | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Rwanda | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | Solomon Islands | 0 US dollar | 2023 | down 100.0% | volatile |
| 119 | Sierra Leone | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | Sao Tome and Principe | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | Timor-Leste | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Tonga | 0 US dollar | 2024 | — | flat |
| 119 | Tuvalu | 0 US dollar | 2023 | — | flat |
| 119 | Uganda | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | St. Vincent and the Grenadines | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Vanuatu | 0 US dollar | 2022 | — | flat |
| 119 | Anguilla, United Kingdom-British Overseas Territory | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Montserrat | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | Kosovo | 0 US dollar | 2025 | — | flat |
| 119 | West Bank and Gaza | 0 US dollar | 2021 | — | flat |
| 152 | Costa Rica | -0 US dollar | 2025 | down 100.0% | volatile |
Regions and income groups
Aggregates are excluded from the country ranking above so that a region can never outrank a country.
- Euro Area (EA) 1.49 trillion US dollar
- Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU) 0 US dollar
About this data
The International Investment Position (IIP) is a statistical statement that shows at a point in time the value of financial assets of residents of an economy that are claims on nonresidents or are gold bullion held as reserve assets; and the liabilities of residents of an economy to nonresidents.