International debt issues to GDP (%) by country
Total value of outstanding international debt issues both public and private, as a share of GDP. Offshore bank loan data from BIS Statistical Appendix Table 12A (Amount Outstanding): International debt securities - all issuers.
Countries reporting
116
Highest
424.2%
Luxembourg
Lowest
0.9%
Ethiopia
Median
19.7%
Years covered
41
1980–2020
Data points
2,874
What the numbers show
International debt issues to GDP (%) is currently reported for 116 countries. The highest value is 424.2% in Luxembourg; the lowest is 0.9% in Ethiopia.
The median across all reporting countries is 19.7%, and the mean is 34.1%.
The gap between the highest and lowest reporting country is a factor of about 457.
Over the past decade 79 countries rose and 32 fell. The largest increase was in Angola (up 1,544.2%), and the largest decrease in Iceland (down 79.5%).
International debt issues to GDP: full country ranking
| # | Country | Latest | Year | 10-year change | Trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Luxembourg | 424.2% | 2020 | up 156.6% | rising |
| 2 | Netherlands | 149.7% | 2020 | down 1.1% | volatile |
| 3 | Bahrain | 110.6% | 2020 | up 226.3% | volatile |
| 4 | Cyprus | 107.2% | 2020 | up 80.3% | volatile |
| 5 | Lebanon | 106.4% | 2020 | up 67.0% | rising |
| 6 | United Kingdom | 105.2% | 2020 | down 9.5% | volatile |
| 7 | Sweden | 96.0% | 2020 | up 21.4% | volatile |
| 8 | Bahamas | 90.8% | 2020 | up 296.0% | volatile |
| 9 | Panama | 84.9% | 2020 | up 132.8% | volatile |
| 10 | Ireland | 84.3% | 2020 | down 60.5% | volatile |
| 11 | Jamaica | 78.5% | 2020 | up 32.0% | volatile |
| 12 | Qatar | 72.9% | 2020 | up 169.0% | volatile |
| 13 | Austria | 72.6% | 2020 | down 16.7% | volatile |
| 14 | Spain | 71.8% | 2020 | down 9.5% | volatile |
| 15 | France | 67.5% | 2020 | up 4.7% | volatile |
| 16 | Finland | 67.3% | 2020 | up 96.9% | volatile |
| 17 | Mongolia | 64.8% | 2020 | up 144.6% | rising |
| 18 | Hong Kong | 64.5% | 2020 | up 70.8% | rising |
| 19 | Switzerland | 63.5% | 2010 | up 94.0% | rising |
| 20 | Belgium | 63.0% | 2020 | down 24.5% | volatile |
| 21 | United Arab Emirates | 63.0% | 2020 | up 112.0% | rising |
| 22 | Canada | 62.1% | 2020 | up 63.8% | rising |
| 23 | Iceland | 61.8% | 2020 | down 79.5% | volatile |
| 24 | Greece | 57.1% | 2020 | down 38.1% | volatile |
| 25 | Oman | 54.8% | 2020 | up 700.1% | volatile |
| 26 | Italy | 54.3% | 2020 | down 1.0% | volatile |
| 27 | Germany | 50.8% | 2020 | down 14.5% | volatile |
| 28 | Denmark | 47.1% | 2020 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 29 | Australia | 46.5% | 2020 | down 4.4% | volatile |
| 30 | Uruguay | 41.7% | 2020 | up 83.2% | rising |
| 31 | Latvia | 41.1% | 2020 | up 633.8% | volatile |
| 32 | Portugal | 39.6% | 2020 | down 59.1% | volatile |
| 33 | Chile | 34.4% | 2020 | up 374.6% | volatile |
| 34 | Dominican Republic | 33.1% | 2020 | up 662.2% | volatile |
| 35 | Lithuania | 32.5% | 2020 | up 20.6% | volatile |
| 36 | Venezuela | 32.2% | 2020 | up 164.5% | volatile |
| 37 | El Salvador | 32.0% | 2020 | up 41.0% | rising |
| 38 | Croatia | 30.4% | 2020 | up 144.9% | rising |
| 39 | Peru | 29.2% | 2020 | up 132.9% | rising |
| 40 | Mexico | 28.3% | 2020 | up 193.4% | volatile |
| 41 | Argentina | 27.9% | 2020 | up 132.4% | volatile |
| 42 | South Africa | 27.6% | 2020 | up 133.5% | volatile |
| 43 | Colombia | 25.3% | 2020 | up 194.6% | volatile |
| 44 | Israel | 24.8% | 2020 | up 181.6% | volatile |
| 45 | Gabon | 24.4% | 2020 | up 251.1% | volatile |
| 46 | Norway | 23.7% | 2002 | up 57.4% | rising |
| 47 | Ghana | 23.0% | 2020 | up 886.5% | volatile |
| 48 | Malaysia | 22.1% | 2020 | up 41.4% | rising |
| 49 | Cote d'Ivoire | 22.1% | 2020 | up 112.8% | rising |
| 50 | Zambia | 22.0% | 2020 | up 648.0% | volatile |
| 51 | Kazakhstan | 22.0% | 2020 | down 7.7% | rising |
| 52 | North Macedonia | 21.5% | 2020 | up 291.5% | volatile |
| 53 | United States | 21.4% | 2020 | down 0.7% | volatile |
| 54 | Ecuador | 20.6% | 2020 | up 382.1% | volatile |
| 55 | Tunisia | 20.5% | 2020 | up 177.7% | volatile |
| 56 | Sri Lanka | 20.2% | 2020 | up 388.3% | volatile |
| 57 | Philippines | 20.0% | 2020 | up 4.3% | volatile |
| 58 | Romania | 19.8% | 2020 | up 735.7% | volatile |
| 59 | Turkey | 19.6% | 2020 | up 166.8% | rising |
| 60 | Congo | 19.3% | 2002 | down 31.7% | falling |
| 61 | Bulgaria | 18.8% | 2020 | up 293.6% | volatile |
| 62 | Hungary | 18.5% | 2020 | down 30.0% | rising |
| 63 | Trinidad and Tobago | 18.3% | 2020 | up 52.8% | rising |
| 64 | Senegal | 18.1% | 2020 | up 1,360.6% | volatile |
| 65 | Slovenia | 17.9% | 2020 | up 7.8% | volatile |
| 66 | Brazil | 17.8% | 2020 | up 126.7% | volatile |
| 67 | Suriname | 17.7% | 2020 | — | rising |
| 68 | Saudi Arabia | 17.6% | 2020 | — | rising |
| 69 | Paraguay | 17.2% | 2020 | up 638.4% | rising |
| 70 | Laos | 16.6% | 2020 | up 984.8% | volatile |
| 71 | Jordan | 15.4% | 2020 | up 368.3% | volatile |
| 72 | Albania | 15.4% | 2020 | up 178.8% | volatile |
| 73 | Indonesia | 15.3% | 2020 | up 219.1% | volatile |
| 74 | Aruba | 15.3% | 2020 | up 111.0% | rising |
| 75 | Seychelles | 15.0% | 2020 | down 26.8% | falling |
| 76 | Japan | 14.3% | 2020 | up 120.6% | rising |
| 77 | Georgia | 14.2% | 2020 | up 82.5% | rising |
| 78 | South Korea | 13.8% | 2020 | up 17.8% | volatile |
| 79 | Ukraine | 13.7% | 2020 | up 11.3% | rising |
| 80 | Serbia | 13.6% | 2020 | up 497.4% | volatile |
| 81 | Costa Rica | 13.3% | 2020 | up 271.8% | rising |
| 82 | Russia | 13.0% | 2020 | up 19.8% | rising |
| 83 | Grenada | 12.8% | 2011 | down 30.6% | falling |
| 84 | Angola | 12.8% | 2020 | up 1,544.2% | volatile |
| 85 | Barbados | 12.3% | 2020 | down 62.8% | volatile |
| 86 | Egypt | 11.9% | 2020 | up 217.6% | volatile |
| 87 | Czechia | 11.8% | 2020 | down 1.4% | volatile |
| 88 | Poland | 11.7% | 2020 | down 10.0% | rising |
| 89 | Namibia | 11.7% | 2020 | up 192.6% | rising |
| 90 | Honduras | 10.7% | 2020 | up 98.0% | rising |
| 91 | Azerbaijan | 10.6% | 2020 | up 139.7% | rising |
| 92 | Belarus | 10.4% | 2020 | up 384.4% | volatile |
| 93 | Estonia | 10.4% | 2020 | up 321.7% | rising |
| 94 | Armenia | 10.3% | 2020 | up 63.3% | rising |
| 95 | Slovakia | 10.0% | 2020 | down 2.4% | volatile |
| 96 | Morocco | 9.7% | 2020 | up 349.2% | volatile |
| 97 | Guatemala | 8.7% | 2020 | up 236.8% | volatile |
| 98 | China | 8.4% | 2020 | up 569.6% | volatile |
| 99 | New Zealand | 7.2% | 2020 | down 6.7% | volatile |
| 100 | Bolivia | 7.2% | 2020 | up 201.0% | volatile |
| 101 | Kenya | 6.2% | 2020 | up 36.4% | rising |
| 102 | Belize | 6.0% | 2014 | down 72.0% | volatile |
| 103 | Mozambique | 5.2% | 2020 | — | falling |
| 104 | Moldova | 5.1% | 2001 | up 186.2% | rising |
| 105 | Nigeria | 4.8% | 2020 | up 827.3% | volatile |
| 106 | Thailand | 4.6% | 2017 | up 27.8% | volatile |
| 107 | Rwanda | 3.9% | 2020 | down 24.4% | falling |
| 108 | Fiji | 3.6% | 2019 | down 30.4% | falling |
| 109 | Mauritius | 3.5% | 1999 | — | flat |
| 110 | Singapore | 3.5% | 1988 | down 25.0% | falling |
| 111 | Pakistan | 2.4% | 2020 | up 173.1% | volatile |
| 112 | Papua New Guinea | 2.1% | 2020 | — | volatile |
| 113 | Cameroon | 1.9% | 2020 | down 22.3% | falling |
| 114 | Vietnam | 1.0% | 2020 | down 60.1% | falling |
| 115 | Tanzania | 1.0% | 2019 | down 25.3% | falling |
| 116 | Ethiopia | 0.9% | 2020 | down 48.3% | falling |
About this data
Total value of outstanding international debt issues both public and private, as a share of GDP. Offshore bank loan data from BIS Statistical Appendix Table 12A (Amount Outstanding): International debt securities - all issuers.